Rules of Plurals
1.
For most nouns, just add S
2.
For nouns ending in s, ss, x, ch, sh add ES
e.g.
box -> boxes, wish ->
wishes boss ->
bosses buzz
-> buzzes pitch -> pitches
3.
For some words ending with consonant+o, add ES
e.g.
potato ->
potatoes tomato -> tomatoes hero -> heroes
4.
For some words ending in o, add S (mostly newly
created words and words with Spanish or Italian origin)
e.g.
disco -> discos logo ->
logos piano -> pianos
5.
For nouns ending with vowel
+ o, just add s
e.g. studio -> studios
portfolio ->
portfolios
6.
For some words ending in f or fe, change f to
ves
e.g. half -> halves leaf -> leaves self -> selves wolf -> wolves
7.
For words ending in single z, add zes
e.g. quiz -> quizzes
8.
For some words ending in f, just add s
e.g. chef -> chefs cliff -> cliffs roof -> roofs
9.
For some nouns ending in ife, change to ives
e.g.
wife -> wives life -> lives knife -> knives
10. For
common nouns end with consonant + y, change y to I and add es
e.g.
poppy ->
poppies fly -> flies
party
-> parties lady -> ladies
11. For
common nouns end with vowel + y, just add s (ay, ey, oy, uy)
e.g.
boy ->
boys buy -> buys
day ->
days valley -> valleys
12. Some
irregular common nouns are same in both singular and plural form
e.g.
fish -> fish sheep ->
sheep deer -> deer
13. Some
nouns, change other letters
e.g.
man -> men tooth -> teeth foot -> feet woman -> women
14. Some
nouns, change to another words
e.g.
child -> children mouse ->
mice ox -> oxen
15. Some
nouns are always singular, no plural form
e.g.
gold, silver, sugar, copper, cotton, news
16. Some
nouns (associated with two things) exist only in plural form and take a plural
verb
e.g. scissors, trousers, pyjamas, shoes
